Gross Salary vs. Net Salary
Gross salary is your total earnings before any deductions, while net salary is what you actually take home after taxes and other withholdings. Understanding the difference is essential for realistic budgeting. This calculator estimates your net pay by accounting for federal income tax, state income tax, FICA taxes, and pre-tax deductions.
Federal, State, and FICA Taxes
Federal income tax uses progressive brackets from 10% to 37%. State income tax varies widely from 0% in Texas and Florida to over 9% in California. FICA taxes include Social Security (6.2% up to $168,600) and Medicare (1.45% on all wages), with an additional 0.9% Medicare surtax for high earners. Pre-tax deductions like 401k and HSA contributions reduce your taxable income.
Effective vs. Marginal Tax Rate
Your marginal tax rate is the rate on your last dollar of income, while your effective tax rate is the average rate across all income. For example, a single filer earning $60,000 may have a 22% marginal rate but an effective rate closer to 12%. Understanding both helps you make informed decisions about raises, bonuses, and tax-advantaged accounts.