Understanding Acceleration
Acceleration measures how quickly velocity changes. The formula a = Δv/t tells us that a given velocity change over a shorter time requires greater acceleration. This is why a car's 0-60 mph time is a standard performance metric — it measures the average acceleration capability. A sports car with a 4-second 0-60 time has twice the average acceleration of a family sedan with an 8-second time.
Acceleration Examples
| Situation | Acceleration | g-force |
|---|---|---|
| Elevator start | 1 m/s² | 0.1 g |
| Car 0-60 in 8s | 3.4 m/s² | 0.34 g |
| Car 0-60 in 4s | 6.7 m/s² | 0.68 g |
| Roller coaster | 29 m/s² | 3 g |
| Fighter jet takeoff | 49 m/s² | 5 g |
| Free fall (Earth) | 9.81 m/s² | 1 g |